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Magic Valley Electric Cooperative rates per kWh and bills

Magic Valley Electric Cooperative's 129,596 residential customers in Texas paid an average of 10.51¢ per kWh in 2025, for an average bill of $140.46 a month on 1,336 kWh.1

EIA-861 2025 final, released October 7, 2026; the next annual release is due in August 2027. Averages are revenue divided by kWh, all charges included: not the rate printed in a tariff.

6 of 254 Texas counties served (EIA-861 2025)

No large US utility had a lower average residential price in 2025 than Magic Valley Electric Cooperative: its members in the Rio Grande Valley paid 10.51¢ per kWh, 31.8% below the Texas average. Their monthly bills were less exceptional, because a Magic Valley home used 1,336 kWh1 a month, well above the Texas average of 1,110 kWh3.

Lowest of 177: the 2025 average price

Magic Valley Electric Cooperative is a member-owned, non-profit electric cooperative in the far south of Texas, on the ERCOT grid. EIA lists it as Magic Valley Electric Coop Inc. It both sells and delivers electricity to 129,596 residential members and 149,8581 accounts of all kinds (2025).

Its residential members paid an average of 10.51¢ per kWh1 in 2025. That figure is average revenue per kWh: what the co-op billed residential members in the year, divided by the kWh they used. It folds in the fixed monthly charge, wholesale power-cost adjustments and every rate option, so it is not a line on the co-op's tariff, and an individual member's own cost per kWh depends on how much they use.

On that measure the co-op stands out nationally. Among the 177 US utilities with 100,000 or more residential customers that report a full-service price, Magic Valley's average was the lowest of 177. The median of the group was 15.07¢ per kWh, and the next lowest were Clark Public Utilities (Washington) at 10.63¢ per kWh and Lincoln Electric System (Nebraska) at 11.15¢ per kWh. The co-op was also 25.5% below the national average for electric cooperatives1.

The lowest average residential prices among large US utilities, 2025

Source: EIA-861 annual electric power industry report, 2025 final. EIA-861 2025 final. Average revenue per kWh is all charges divided by kWh; it is not a tariff rate.

Show the numbers
Utilityaverage residential price (bundled customers)
Magic Valley Electric Cooperative (TX)10.51¢
Clark Public Utilities (WA)10.63¢
Lincoln Electric System (NE)11.15¢
MidAmerican Energy (IA)11.21¢
Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative (TX)11.59¢

Within Texas the ranking is tighter, because smaller utilities enter the comparison. The co-op was 3rd lowest of the 61 Texas utilities with 10,000 or more residential customers; the lowest of them was Kerrville Public Utility Board at 9.42¢ per kWh1.

These are 2025 figures, and they are the newest available for this utility. EIA's monthly survey, Form EIA-861M, covers a sample of utilities and Magic Valley is not in it, so there is no 12-month or latest-month average for the co-op. The statewide Texas residential average of 15.98¢ per kWh2 over the 12 months September 2025 to August 2026 (2026 months preliminary) describes all Texas providers, not Magic Valley.

Bills: a low price applied to high use

A Magic Valley home used 1,336 kWh1 a month on average in 2025, against 1,110 kWh for the average Texas home, and Texas itself ranks 5th highest3 among the states on use per home. The low price still left the co-op's members with a smaller bill than the state average, but by a narrower margin than the price gap:

2025, residentialMagic Valley Electric CooperativeTexas, all providers
Average price10.51¢ per kWh15.40¢ per kWh4
Use per home, monthly1,336 kWh1,110 kWh
Average monthly bill$140.461$170.953

Use per home was higher than at the other Texas co-ops with 100,000 or more residential customers, except Tri-County Electric Cooperative (1,512 kWh): Bluebonnet homes used 1,244 kWh, Pedernales 1,202 kWh and CoServ 1,192 kWh1. EIA reports use per account, not the house sizes, appliances or air-conditioning hours behind it. Statewide, air conditioning took 28%5 of household electricity in EIA's 2020 household survey, and Texas averaged 2,931 cooling degree days a year over 2016 to 2025, 2nd highest6 among the 48 contiguous states and DC.

Monthly use per home at large Texas co-ops, 2025

Source: EIA-861 annual electric power industry report, 2025 final. EIA-861 2025 final. Average revenue per kWh is all charges divided by kWh; it is not a tariff rate.

Show the numbers
Utilityaverage monthly residential use
CoServ (TX)1,192
Pedernales Electric Cooperative (TX)1,202
Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative (TX)1,244
Magic Valley Electric Cooperative (TX)1,336
Tri-County Electric Cooperative (TX)1,512

2024 to 2025: the bill rose faster than the price

The average price members paid rose 3.0%, from 10.20¢ per kWh in 2024 to 10.51¢ per kWh in 2025, close to the change for all Texas providers (+3.1%4). Use per home rose as well, from 1,295 kWh to 1,336 kWh a month, so the average bill went from $132.087 to $140.46 (+6.3%1).

EIA's revenue and sales figures cannot separate a change in base rates from a change in wholesale power costs passed through to members, or from a hotter or milder year. The co-op publishes its current rate schedules on its own website.

A service area shared with a competitive-market delivery utility

EIA's 2025 service-territory records place Magic Valley in 6 counties: Brooks County, Cameron County, Hidalgo County, Kenedy County, Starr County and Willacy County. In every one of them at least one other utility also reports customers. Among those is AEP Texas Central, which owns poles and wires across 448 counties, including Brooks and Cameron. A city or ZIP code therefore does not settle which utility serves a property in the Valley; Magic Valley's service-area map does, by address.

Counties where Magic Valley Electric Cooperative reports customers in Texas
Counties where Magic Valley Electric Cooperative reports customers in TexasAnderson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeAndrews County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeAngelina County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeAransas County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeArcher County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeArmstrong County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeAtascosa County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeAustin County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBailey County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBandera County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBastrop County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBaylor County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBee County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBell County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBexar County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBlanco County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBorden County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBosque County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBowie County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBrazoria County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBrazos County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBrewster County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBriscoe County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBrooks County: Magic Valley Electric Cooperative reports service, with 3 other utilitiesBrown County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBurleson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeBurnet County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCaldwell County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCalhoun County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCallahan County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCameron County: Magic Valley Electric Cooperative reports service, with 2 other utilitiesCamp County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCarson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCass County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCastro County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeChambers County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCherokee County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeChildress County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeClay County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCochran County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCoke County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeColeman County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCollin County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCollingsworth County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeColorado County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeComal County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeComanche County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeConcho County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCooke County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCoryell County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCottle County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCrane County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCrockett County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCrosby County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeCulberson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDallam County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDallas County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDawson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDeaf Smith County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDelta County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDenton County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDeWitt County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDickens County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDimmit County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDonley County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeDuval County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeEastland County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeEctor County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeEdwards County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeEllis County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeEl Paso County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeErath County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFalls County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFannin County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFayette County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFisher County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFloyd County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFoard County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFort Bend County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFranklin County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFreestone County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeFrio County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGaines County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGalveston County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGarza County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGillespie County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGlasscock County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGoliad County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGonzales County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGray County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGrayson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGregg County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGrimes County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeGuadalupe County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHale County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHall County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHamilton County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHansford County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHardeman County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHardin County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHarris County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHarrison County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHartley County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHaskell County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHays County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHemphill County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHenderson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHidalgo County: Magic Valley Electric Cooperative reports service, with 2 other utilitiesHill County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHockley County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHood County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHopkins County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHouston County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHoward County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHudspeth County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHunt County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeHutchinson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeIrion County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJack County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJackson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJasper County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJeff Davis County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJefferson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJim Hogg County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJim Wells County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJohnson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeJones County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKarnes County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKaufman County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKendall County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKenedy County: Magic Valley Electric Cooperative reports service, with 2 other utilitiesKent County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKerr County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKimble County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKing County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKinney County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKleberg County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeKnox County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLamar County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLamb County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLampasas County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLa Salle County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLavaca County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLee County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLeon County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLiberty County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLimestone County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLipscomb County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLive Oak County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLlano County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLoving County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLubbock County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeLynn County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMcCulloch County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMcLennan County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMcMullen County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMadison County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMarion County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMartin County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMason County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMatagorda County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMaverick County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMedina County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMenard County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMidland County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMilam County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMills County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMitchell County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMontague County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMontgomery County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMoore County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMorris County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeMotley County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeNacogdoches County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeNavarro County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeNewton County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeNolan County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeNueces County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeOchiltree County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeOldham County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeOrange County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativePalo Pinto County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativePanola County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeParker County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeParmer County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativePecos County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativePolk County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativePotter County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativePresidio County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRains County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRandall County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeReagan County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeReal County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRed River County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeReeves County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRefugio County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRoberts County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRobertson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRockwall County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRunnels County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeRusk County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSabine County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSan Augustine County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSan Jacinto County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSan Patricio County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSan Saba County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSchleicher County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeScurry County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeShackelford County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeShelby County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSherman County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSmith County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSomervell County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeStarr County: Magic Valley Electric Cooperative reports service, with 2 other utilitiesStephens County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSterling County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeStonewall County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSutton County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeSwisher County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTarrant County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTaylor County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTerrell County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTerry County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeThrockmorton County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTitus County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTom Green County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTravis County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTrinity County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeTyler County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeUpshur County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeUpton County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeUvalde County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeVal Verde County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeVan Zandt County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeVictoria County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWalker County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWaller County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWard County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWashington County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWebb County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWharton County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWheeler County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWichita County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWilbarger County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWillacy County: Magic Valley Electric Cooperative reports service, with 1 other utilityWilliamson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWilson County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWinkler County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWise County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeWood County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeYoakum County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeYoung County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeZapata County: not served by Magic Valley Electric CooperativeZavala County: not served by Magic Valley Electric Cooperative

Source: EIA-861 2025, service territory; Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary file, counties. EIA-861 2025 service territory: 6 counties. Counts whole counties even where the utility serves only part of one; check the utility's own service-area map for an address.

Show the numbers
CountyOther utilities reporting service
Brooks CountyAEP Texas Central, Medina Electric Cooperative, Nueces Electric Cooperative
Cameron CountyAEP Texas Central, Brownsville Public Utilities Board
Hidalgo CountyOncor, AEP Texas Central
Kenedy CountyAEP Texas Central, Nueces Electric Cooperative
Starr CountyAEP Texas Central, Medina Electric Cooperative
Willacy CountyAEP Texas Central

The two sides of that boundary work differently. On Magic Valley's lines, one bill from the co-op covers both the electricity and its delivery. On AEP Texas Central's lines, homes buy electricity from a retail electric provider, and AEP Texas Central is paid for delivery only. EIA reports each part separately, for different customers, so the figures below sit side by side and are not added together or compared as like for like:

2025 average, residentialWhat it coversAverage per kWh
Magic Valley Electric Cooperativeelectricity and delivery, co-op members10.51¢ per kWh
AEP Texas Centraldelivery only, all homes on its wires5.91¢ per kWh
Retail electric providers, all of Texaswhat provider customers paid, statewide, all plans17.23¢ per kWh1

The retail-provider figure is a statewide past average across every plan, not an offer and not specific to the Valley. Across Texas, 55.5%1 of residential customers bought from a provider in 2025; the Texas retail choice guide explains where shopping applies.

Rooftop solar and meters

Magic Valley members reported 1,961 net-metered residential solar installations in 2025, with 16.4 megawatts of capacity: 15.1 per 1,000 residential customers. That is more than the Texas figure of 10.8 per 1,000 and well under the national 38.110. How exported power is credited is set in the co-op's own tariff; the net metering guide covers the general mechanics.

Advanced meters, which record use by the hour or less, were installed at 100.0%10 of residential accounts. EIA's 2025 data do not show a time-of-use enrollment for the co-op.

Commercial and industrial accounts

The co-op's 19,346 commercial accounts paid an average of 11.29¢ per kWh in 2025, more per kWh than its residential members, and their average monthly bill of $147.80 was close to a household's. Its 916 industrial accounts paid 8.74¢ per kWh, with an average monthly bill of $5,015.85. Across all customers the average was 10.22¢ per kWh1.

Help with bills

Texas received $202.3 million in federal Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) funds for fiscal year 2026. That works out to $17.43 per occupied home, 6th lowest11 among the states. The help paying your electric bill guide explains how the program and other assistance work. For prices and bills across the state, see electricity in Texas.

Magic Valley Electric: what members ask

What is Magic Valley Electric Cooperative's rate per kWh?

Residential members paid an average of 10.51¢ per kWh1 in 2025, the latest year EIA has published for the co-op. That is total residential revenue divided by kWh sold, so it includes the monthly charge, power-cost adjustments and every rate option; the co-op's own rate schedules list the individual charges, which are not the same thing as this average.

What is the average Magic Valley electric bill?

$140.46 a month in 2025 for 1,336 kWh1 of use, against $170.953 for the average Texas home across all providers. A home using less than the co-op average pays less in dollars but usually more per kWh, because fixed charges are spread over fewer kWh.

Did Magic Valley Electric raise rates in 2026?

EIA has no 2026 figure for the co-op yet: it is not in EIA's monthly sample, and its 2026 annual data arrive in August 2027. The last published change is 2024 to 2025, when the average price members paid rose 3.0% and the average bill +6.3%1.

Can Magic Valley members choose a retail electric provider?

EIA's 2025 data count all 129,5961 of the co-op's residential customers as full-service members buying electricity from Magic Valley itself, with none buying from a retail electric provider. Homes in the same counties that are on AEP Texas Central's lines do buy from providers; the address decides which applies.

Related pages

Sources

  1. EIA-861 annual electric power industry report, 2025 final; table Sales_Ult_Cust_2025; 2025, final; released October 7, 2026. www.eia.gov
  2. EIA, Electric Power Monthly / EIA-861M sales and revenue by state; table sales_revenue.xlsx (EPM Table 5.6.A); January 2001 to 2026-08; months since January 2026 preliminary; released October 23, 2026. www.eia.gov
  3. EIA-861 2025, average monthly bill by state; table Average_Bill_2025; 2025, final; released October 7, 2026. www.eia.gov
  4. EIA, Historical state data, annual sales, revenue and customers; table HS861 2010-.xlsx; 2010-2025, final; released October 7, 2026. www.eia.gov
  5. EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2020, state data; table CE4.1.EL.ST, CE5 state tables, state highlights; released June 28, 2023. www.eia.gov
  6. NOAA, Climate Prediction Center population-weighted degree days by state; table daily state files, base 65°F; 2016-2025 annual sums; 1981-2010 CPC normals; released November 13, 2026. ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov
  7. EIA-861 annual electric power industry report, 2024 final; table Sales_Ult_Cust_2024; 2024, final (file updated December 3, 2025); released December 3, 2025. www.eia.gov
  8. EIA-861 2025, service territory; table Service_Territory_2025; 2025, final; released October 7, 2026. www.eia.gov
  9. Census Bureau, Cartographic boundary file, counties; table cb_2025_us_county_5m; cb_2021_us_county_5m; 2025 (2021 for Connecticut). www.census.gov
  10. EIA-861 2025, advanced meters, dynamic pricing and net metering; table Advanced_Meters, Dynamic_Pricing, Net_Metering 2025; 2025, final; released October 7, 2026. www.eia.gov
  11. HHS, LIHEAP funding releases to states; table FY2027 first release; FY2026 final; FY2027 first release (October 9, 2026); FY2026 total; released October 9, 2026. acf.gov

How every figure is built: methodology. Found an error? Write to [email protected]; corrections are listed on the updates page.