Power outages by state

Minutes without power, state by state

The ranking uses the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI): the total minutes of outage in a year divided by the number of customers served. It is the closest single number to "how long was the average home without power". Utilities report it to the Energy Information Administration on the annual EIA-861 form, and the state figures here combine every reporting utility for 2025, the latest final year. The full table below adds two companions: the same minutes without major event days, and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), the number of interruptions per customer.

Across the 50 states and DC, the median was 256 minutes with major events and 120 minutes¹ without them, in 2025. The gap between those two medians is the first thing this ranking shows: counted with its storm days, the typical state's year had more than twice the outage time.

The ten states with the longest outages

In 2025 the ten states with the most outage minutes per customer were West Virginia (1,013 minutes), Michigan (672 minutes), Nebraska (547 minutes), Alaska (541 minutes), Mississippi (501 minutes), Arkansas (464 minutes), Virginia (462 minutes), Pennsylvania (458 minutes), Kentucky (408 minutes) and Washington (383 minutes¹).

West Virginia is the clearest case. Its 2025 total, 1,013 minutes per customer, is the highest in the country, and it stays at the top when storm days are removed (498 minutes, the highest). Its customers also had 3.08 interruptions each, the 2nd highest¹ count in the country. Outages there were long and frequent in ordinary weeks as well as storm weeks.

Mississippi, Alaska and Arkansas follow the same pattern: high on both lists. Mississippi was 5th highest for all events and 2nd highest without major events (306 minutes); Alaska 4th highest and 3rd highest (243 minutes¹).

West Virginia1,013

Michigan672

Nebraska547

Alaska541

Mississippi501

Arkansas464

Virginia462

Pennsylvania458

Kentucky408

Washington383

Alabama372

Missouri369

Maine363

California345

Indiana345

Source: EIA-861 2025, reliability. SAIDI including major event days, any reporting standard (EIA state total). Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Outage minutes, 2025
West Virginia	1,013
Michigan	672
Nebraska	547
Alaska	541
Mississippi	501
Arkansas	464
Virginia	462
Pennsylvania	458
Kentucky	408
Washington	383
Alabama	372
Missouri	369
Maine	363
California	345
Indiana	345

Take out the storms and the order changes

Utilities report SAIDI twice: with every outage, and without "major event days", the days whose outage total exceeds a statistical threshold set from the utility's own last five years of daily data. That is the IEEE method, which EIA's EIA-861 survey FAQ describes as the preferred one. The second number is a better guide to everyday reliability; the first is what customers actually lived through.

Three states near the top of the full ranking fall far down once major event days are removed:

• Michigan: 672 minutes with major events (2nd highest), 160 minutes without (11th highest). The Michigan Public Service Commission described a catastrophic ice storm in northern Michigan in spring 2025, and its release on outage bill credits names Consumers Energy and the cooperative Great Lakes Energy among the utilities whose customers were in the hard-hit area. In EIA's 2025 data, Great Lakes Energy reported 4,401 minutes per customer with major events and 315 minutes without; Consumers Energy 819 minutes and 163 minutes.
• Nebraska: 547 minutes with major events (3rd highest), 116 minutes without (24th lowest). Lincoln Electric System reported 241 minutes with major events and 18 minutes without.
• Pennsylvania: 458 minutes (8th highest) against 133 minutes (22nd highest). Duquesne Light went from 103 minutes to 856 minutes once major event days were counted, and PECO from 59 minutes to 328 minutes¹.

South Dakota shows the effect from the other side: 61 minutes without major events, the 3rd lowest in the country, but 269 minutes with them (22nd highest). In the states at the low end, by contrast, the two numbers are close: Florida had 70 minutes with major events and 63 minutes without, Arizona 74 minutes and 66 minutes¹.

Source: EIA-861 2025, reliability. Each dot is a state (horizontal: Outage minutes, no major events; vertical: Outage minutes, 2025). SAIDI without major event days, any standard. Period: 2025. SAIDI including major event days, any reporting standard (EIA state total). Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Outage minutes, no major events	Outage minutes, 2025
District of Columbia	34	50
Rhode Island	60	183
South Dakota	61	269
Illinois	62	144
Florida	63	70
Arizona	66	74
Delaware	68	99
New York	70	116
North Dakota	73	204
Massachusetts	76	122
Iowa	78	152
Maryland	80	184
Wisconsin	84	230
Connecticut	86	211
Utah	90	116
Minnesota	94	182
New Jersey	96	155
Kansas	97	197
Nevada	101	128
Oregon	103	256
South Carolina	104	151
Alabama	115	372
Missouri	115	369
Nebraska	116	547
Colorado	118	274
Wyoming	120	262
Indiana	125	345
Ohio	130	205
Texas	130	225
Pennsylvania	133	458
California	135	345
New Hampshire	135	231
Montana	137	288
North Carolina	144	196
Oklahoma	145	286
Georgia	147	270
Washington	148	383
Idaho	149	322
New Mexico	149	172
Tennessee	151	230
Michigan	160	672
Kentucky	173	408
Virginia	183	462
Vermont	185	263
Hawaii	188	282
Maine	192	363
Arkansas	209	464
Louisiana	216	267
Alaska	243	541
Mississippi	306	501
West Virginia	498	1,013

Without major event days, the states with the most outage minutes per customer were West Virginia (498 minutes), Mississippi (306 minutes), Alaska (243 minutes), Louisiana (216 minutes) and Arkansas (209 minutes). Maine, Hawaii and Vermont, outside the top ten for all events, enter it on this basis. The fewest were in the District of Columbia (34 minutes), Rhode Island (60 minutes) and South Dakota (61 minutes¹).

Where the power stayed on

The ten states with the fewest outage minutes per customer in 2025, major events included, were the District of Columbia (50 minutes), Florida (70 minutes), Arizona (74 minutes), Delaware (99 minutes), New York (116 minutes), Utah (116 minutes), Massachusetts (122 minutes), Nevada (128 minutes), Illinois (144 minutes) and South Carolina (151 minutes¹).

The District of Columbia is a single dense city served by Pepco, so it is not directly comparable with a state of farms, forests and long rural lines. New York, tied for 5th lowest, shows how one large utility shapes a state figure. Con Edison, which serves New York City and has 42.0%³ of the state's residential customers, reported 26 minutes per customer and 0.14 interruptions in 2025; upstate NYSEG reported 302 minutes and 1.85¹. A state average weights each utility by its customers, so a large urban utility can carry the whole state.

In Florida, FPL reported 47 minutes per customer in 2025, and in Arizona Tucson Electric Power 42 minutes and SRP 66 minutes¹. These are one year's figures: a single major storm can move a state far up the ranking the next year.

The utility matters more than the state

Inside the states with the longest outages, utilities differed by hundreds of minutes in 2025. In West Virginia, Mon Power reported 1,250 minutes per customer, Appalachian Power 1,035 minutes and Potomac Edison 440 minutes. In Virginia, Appalachian Power's customers averaged 1,116 minutes, against 307 minutes for Dominion Energy and 94 minutes for the cooperative NOVEC in the state's north. In Kentucky, Kentucky Power reported 911 minutes, against 228 minutes¹ for LG&E.

Con Edison (NY)26

NOVEC (VA)94

DTE Energy (MI)192

NYSEG (NY)302

Potomac Edison (WV)440

Consumers Energy (MI)819

Kentucky Power (KY)911

Appalachian Power (WV)1,035

Mon Power (WV)1,250

Source: EIA-861 2025, reliability. EIA-861 2025 final. Average revenue per kWh is all charges divided by kWh; it is not a tariff rate.

Show the numbers

Utility	outage minutes per customer (all events)
Con Edison (NY)	26
NOVEC (VA)	94
DTE Energy (MI)	192
NYSEG (NY)	302
Potomac Edison (WV)	440
Consumers Energy (MI)	819
Kentucky Power (KY)	911
Appalachian Power (WV)	1,035
Mon Power (WV)	1,250

Michigan's two largest utilities show the same split: Consumers Energy's 819 minutes against 192 minutes at DTE Energy. Without major event days the two were close (163 minutes and 151 minutes¹), so the 2025 difference came mostly from storm days. Each utility page on this site gives its own 2025 figures next to its state's average.

How often, not only how long

Duration and frequency can rank states differently. In 2025 Alaska had the most interruptions per customer, 3.20, followed by West Virginia (3.08), Mississippi (2.59), Maine (2.24) and Louisiana (2.20). The median state had 1.32¹.

Michigan, second for outage minutes, was 20th highest for interruptions (1.42): its customers lost power about as often as in a typical state, but the 2025 outages lasted much longer. Nebraska (1.32, tied for 25th lowest) looks similar. Alaska had the most frequent interruptions in the country but ranked 4th highest for total minutes, so each of its outages was shorter on average. The fewest interruptions were in the District of Columbia (0.32), Utah (0.67) and New York (0.77¹).

Alaska3.20

West Virginia3.08

Mississippi2.59

Maine2.24

Louisiana2.20

Arkansas2.15

Hawaii2.02

Alabama2.01

Virginia2.00

Kentucky1.92

Georgia1.85

Oklahoma1.81

Source: EIA-861 2025, reliability. SAIFI including major event days, any standard. Period: 2025.

Show the numbers

State	Interruptions per customer
Alaska	3.20
West Virginia	3.08
Mississippi	2.59
Maine	2.24
Louisiana	2.20
Arkansas	2.15
Hawaii	2.02
Alabama	2.01
Virginia	2.00
Kentucky	1.92
Georgia	1.85
Oklahoma	1.81

Before you compare states

• One year, not a trend. These are 2025 figures from EIA's final EIA-861 census, released October 7, 2026; the 2026 figures follow in August 2027 at the earliest. Storm years and calm years alternate; a single bad season can put any state near the top.
• Not live outages. For an outage at your address now, use your utility's outage map. Each state page lists the utilities that serve it.
• Reporting methods differ. Many utilities follow the IEEE 1366 standard; others report on their own definitions of an outage and a major event, so their figures are not strictly comparable. Utilities that do not collect the data leave it blank, so a state figure covers the utilities that reported.
• Customers are accounts. SAIDI and SAIFI are averages per metered customer, homes and businesses together, not per household.
• Reliability and price are separate rankings. Outage minutes do not appear in the average price per kWh; for prices see the cheapest electricity ranking, and for bills the average bill ranking.